Childhood Map

Discover the amazing things 5-year-olds are learning — from climbing and jumping to friendships, feelings, and first words on a page. Each skill comes with fun activities you can try together.

Sensory Integration

The neurological process of organizing sensory input from the body and environment to produce appropriate motor, behavioral, and emotional responses.

Sources (4)
  • Ayres Sensory Integration Framework
  • Montessori (Sensorial Area)
  • Waldorf/Steiner (Nature & Senses)
  • OT Practice Framework (OTPF-4)
8 Subdomains
Vestibular Processing Proprioceptive Processing Tactile Processing Visual Processing Auditory Processing Interoception Sensory Modulation Praxis & Motor Planning7
Praxis & Motor Planning

The ability to conceive, plan, and execute unfamiliar or complex sequences of movement (ideation, planning, execution).

Examples & Achievements

  • Imitates a new multi-step movement sequence (e.g., dance move)
  • Figures out how to navigate a new playground structure
  • Learns a new craft activity (folding, tying) with demonstration
  • Plans body movements to fit through an obstacle course

How to Measure

  • Successfully imitates a 4-step movement sequence after one demonstration
  • Navigates a novel obstacle course on first attempt
  • Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) - praxis subtests
  • Clinical observation of motor planning during novel tasks
Sources (2)
  • Ayres SI
  • OT Practice Framework
7 Exercises
Mirror Mirror — Body Shape Cards Animal Parade Chain Spider's Web Paper-Folding Trail Robot Mission — Simon Says, Novel Edition Charades — Be a Thing Pat-a-Cake Plus
Spider's Web

A body-shaping challenge using string or yarn stretched across a doorway or hallway. The child has to figure out how to angle their body to pass through the web without touching the strands. Trains projected action sequences — planning a movement before executing it through novel space.

  1. In a doorway or narrow hallway, tape strands of yarn (or coloured masking tape, or party streamers) at varied heights and angles. Aim for 6–10 strands. Mix horizontals (knee-high, hip-high, chest-high), diagonals, and a couple of vertical strands. Leave gaps the child can fit through with thought.
  2. Show the web. Say: “You’re a spy sneaking through a laser web. If you touch a string, the alarm goes off. How will you get through?”
  3. Watch the child plan. They might duck under, step over, twist sideways, crawl, or even split a leg through one gap and an arm through another. Don’t suggest moves — the planning is the exercise.
  4. After the first pass, rearrange the web so the same plan won’t work twice. Add a strand they have to limbo under, or one they have to high-step over.
  5. Optional: time them, or have them carry a “secret package” (a small cushion) without dropping it.

Variation: add rules — “no hands on the floor” forces creative planning; “no crawling” forces upright thinking. Or run the web backwards — they enter from the far side and must exit through the original entrance. For a quieter version, lay strands on the floor as “cracks in the ice” that mustn’t be stepped on.

Requirements

  • Space: A doorway, hallway, or 2 × 1 m corridor between two chairs or table legs
  • Surface: Floor that allows ducking and crawling; carpet preferred for low strands
  • Materials: 6–10 strands of yarn, ribbon, or coloured masking tape; painter's tape to anchor; chairs or door frame to anchor between
  • Participants: 1 child at a time; 2–4 children can take turns and even build the web together
  • Supervision: Moderate — watch first attempts to ensure no one tries to dive through

Rationale & Objective

Projected action sequences — planning a movement through space before starting — sit at the heart of Ayres’ praxis framework and overlap with the SIPT Constructional Praxis subtest in 3D navigation. The Spider’s Web forces the child to read a spatial layout, mentally simulate body movement through it, and execute the chosen plan. Unlike a fixed obstacle course where the route is repeated, each web is novel — fresh ideation is required every time. Bundy & Lane (2020) describe projected action as one of the most cognitively demanding praxis components because it cannot rely on stored motor memories. The activity also builds body schema — knowing where one’s limbs are without looking.

Progress Indicators

  • Early: rushes in without looking and triggers many strands; gets stuck after the first contact (“I can’t!”); uses one strategy for every gap (always crawls)
  • Developing: pauses to look before moving; chooses different strategies for different gaps (duck here, step there); touches 2–4 strands per pass
  • Proficient: studies the web for several seconds before starting; passes through touching 0–1 strands; verbalises the plan (“I’ll go under that one, then twist”)
  • Advanced: solves novel web layouts on first try with no contact; designs webs for others; can pass through carrying an object; can explain alternate routes

Safety Notes

  • Use light yarn or paper streamers that break under any pull — never strong twine, fishing line, or rope that could trip or strangle
  • Lowest strand should be at least 20 cm above the floor so the child can crawl under without face contact
  • Highest strand should be below shoulder height of the shortest player so no one tries to dive through
  • Anchor strands on chair legs or the door frame using painter’s tape — avoid eye-level hooks
  • Remove necklaces, scarves, hooded drawstrings before play to prevent catching
  • Supervise siblings closely if a small child is at floor level near a moving older child

Hints

  • Playfulness: the laser/spy theme is a hit; alternatives: “escape the dragon’s cave,” “get through the web to rescue the fly,” “ninja training.” A black light + glow yarn version is dramatic for evening play
  • Sustain interest: let the child build the web every other session — designing the web is itself a constructional planning exercise. Add a “second level” — another web in the next room they reach after the first
  • Common mistake: making the web too easy (only horizontal knee-high lines) so any walking move works, or too hard (no clear path). Aim for 1–2 spots that need real thought; the rest should be approachable
  • Limited space: a single doorway with 4–5 strands is plenty. Even between two chair legs in a small room is enough — the planning is what matters, not the distance
  • Cross-domain: describe the chosen route aloud (language); count strands successfully avoided (numeracy); take a photo of each web and let the child name it (“the diamond,” “the lightning”) for spatial vocabulary
  • Progression: 4 horizontal strands → 6 mixed-angle → 8 strands with one tricky spot → child must carry an object → child plans aloud before moving → child designs the web → final 1 m blindfolded with verbal guidance

Sources

  • Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) — Constructional Praxis and Postural Praxis subtests
  • Ayres, A.J. (1985). *Developmental Dyspraxia and Adult-Onset Apraxia*. Sensory Integration International
  • Bundy, A.C. & Lane, S.J. (2020). *Sensory Integration: Theory and Practice* (3rd ed.). F.A. Davis
  • Spitzer, S.L. (2003). "With and without words: exploring occupation in relation to young children with autism." Journal of Occupational Science, 10(2), 67–79
  • Mailloux, Z. et al. (2018). "An international perspective on Ayres Sensory Integration." American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(1)
  • map[OT Practice Framework (OTPF-4) — performance skills:motor and praxis]
  • UK EYFS — Physical Development ELG (moving and handling)

Childhood MapSensory IntegrationPraxis & Motor Planning

Spider's Web

A body-shaping challenge using string or yarn stretched across a doorway or hallway. The child has to figure out how to angle their body to pass through the web without touching the strands. Trains projected action sequences — planning a movement before executing it through novel space.

  1. In a doorway or narrow hallway, tape strands of yarn (or coloured masking tape, or party streamers) at varied heights and angles. Aim for 6–10 strands. Mix horizontals (knee-high, hip-high, chest-high), diagonals, and a couple of vertical strands. Leave gaps the child can fit through with thought.
  2. Show the web. Say: “You’re a spy sneaking through a laser web. If you touch a string, the alarm goes off. How will you get through?”
  3. Watch the child plan. They might duck under, step over, twist sideways, crawl, or even split a leg through one gap and an arm through another. Don’t suggest moves — the planning is the exercise.
  4. After the first pass, rearrange the web so the same plan won’t work twice. Add a strand they have to limbo under, or one they have to high-step over.
  5. Optional: time them, or have them carry a “secret package” (a small cushion) without dropping it.

Variation: add rules — “no hands on the floor” forces creative planning; “no crawling” forces upright thinking. Or run the web backwards — they enter from the far side and must exit through the original entrance. For a quieter version, lay strands on the floor as “cracks in the ice” that mustn’t be stepped on.

Projected action sequences — planning a movement through space before starting — sit at the heart of Ayres’ praxis framework and overlap with the SIPT Constructional Praxis subtest in 3D navigation. The Spider’s Web forces the child to read a spatial layout, mentally simulate body movement through it, and execute the chosen plan. Unlike a fixed obstacle course where the route is repeated, each web is novel — fresh ideation is required every time. Bundy & Lane (2020) describe projected action as one of the most cognitively demanding praxis components because it cannot rely on stored motor memories. The activity also builds body schema — knowing where one’s limbs are without looking.